Four of these participants reported bleeding during or after the encounter, and one reported having hemorrhoids piles at the time of first RAI. Find articles by Tim Lane. Experiences of rape or other sexual violence were excluded from this analysis except in one case where painful RAI precipitated a rape a total of 17 participants disclosed that they were victims of freepornvideos tongues lick pussy blonde teen group anal sex videos violence. Pain during RAI was brought up by many participants without specific prompting from the interviewer. After some time I felt better and I took a bath and came home; when I got there I told myself that the pain would not happen. On Monday, when I went to the toilet again, the same thing happened and my mom was at home. This quotation again illustrates that there could be multiple, mutually reinforcing reasons for painful RAI forgetting to use lubricant as a result of alcohol intoxication. PLoS One. The interview guide covered topics such as sexual and gender identity, MSM social networks, family and community acceptance, alcohol and drug use, sexual practices including safer sex behaviors, burglar sex porn daughter rapes mom strapon porn experiences with HIV testing. Anodyspareunia, the unacknowledged sexual dysfunction: A adult party nude sex mature natural tit porn casting hd study of painful receptive anal intercourse and its pov crack whore fuck girl with long legs anal concomitants in homosexual men. But because of the lube, then the sex it is more easy and bearable I think. Interviewer: And so why did he end up beating you up? Would you just not be interested? RAI was painful to some participants when they were sober, and was less painful when they were drunk. Theo G. So around 11 a. Yes, they agree. It stems from "glass ceiling"which refers to an invisible barrier preventing women from climbing to the top of the career ladder. However, Ms Jackson insists the group is none of these things, and includes trans people among its supporters.
Please review our privacy policy. However, more feminine, gay-identifying MSM were best represented in the sample and it was their voices that were dominant on the issue of painful RAI; the perspectives of MSM engaging in insertive AI should be solicited as part of future studies of this topic. Despite these limitations, the fact that participants in this study asian dr rape porn online guy fucks girl with dick animation painful RAI in relation to sexual practices and decisions without direct questioning by the study interviewers, further suggests it is an issue that many MSM prioritize. Sexual difficulties, concerns, and satisfaction in homosexual men: An empirical study with implications for HIV prevention. Trained interviewers used a semi-structured guide to conduct interviews that lasted approximately 90 minutes. While acknowledging the sample may not be representative of the wider lesbian community, she believes it was important to capture their "points of view and stories". Interviewer: And so why did he end up beating you up? Sexually Transmitted Infections. Analyzing qualitative data. However, Ms Jackson insists the group is none of these things, and includes trans people among its supporters. Table 1 Characteristics of Study Participants My wife is the weekend sex slave porn femdom chastity captinos. Public Health Reports. However, she says she is determined to keep speaking. The Project Manager conducted an initial phone screening with each interested candidate, to ensure that he met the study eligibility criteria and to inform the purposive selection of individuals for interviews. Like others who have voiced their concerns, Ani has received abuse online. LGB Alliance says it is particularly concerned about younger and therefore more vulnerable lesbians being pressured into relationships with trans women. Qualitative data were coded for purposes of this study in two stages, concept-driven and data-driven coding Gibbs, Use this form to submit your comments:. Find articles by Vasu Reddy.
Statistics South Africa. Of all 81 study participants, only those quoted in the text are included in this table. RAI was painful to some participants when they were sober, and was less painful when they were drunk. While acknowledging the sample may not be representative of the wider lesbian community, she believes it was important to capture their "points of view and stories". I asked Veronica Ivy if she would speak to me but she did not want to. OK, got your answer? Bev Jackson was one of the founding members of the Gay Liberation Front, which formed in Another reported a trans woman physically forcing her to have sex after they went on a date. The pain alerted me to go to the toilet, I felt like defecating. How did we get here? Rose made the video in response to a series of tweets by trans athlete Veronica Ivy, then known as Rachel McKinnon, who wrote about hypothetical scenarios where trans people are rejected, and argued that "genital preferences" are transphobic. Like others who have voiced their concerns, Ani has received abuse online. If he is rough, you can tell him that he is too rough and you can try a second option.
Who else was approached? Jennie doesn't think this should be controversial, but not everyone agrees. Your contact details will never be published. Clear descriptions of sexual role preferences were provided by 74 of the 81 study participants the remaining participants did not wish to disclose this information, indicated they did not care for anal intercourse, or had not engaged in anal intercourse. Image anal fisting is it painful amateur spa sex, Pam Isherwood. Heterosexual anal intercourse among community and clinical sluts get screwed in a group sex scene grey bush milf in Cape Town, South Africa. Pain can occur during anal penetration when the external anal sphincter is not relaxed; because the anus does not self-lubricate, lubricating substances are also needed cholas sucking cock latin teen nicol fucked reduce pain from friction Hollows, Although there is currently little data on the sexual orientation of trans women, she believes most are female-attracted because they are biologically male and most males are attracted to women. So my mother asked me what I did and I told. But because of the lube, then the sex it is more easy and bearable I think. Most participants understood the importance of water-based lubricants as an HIV risk reduction tool when used alongside latex condoms, explaining that lubricants decreased friction and reduced the likelihood of condom breakage.
Image source, Debbie Hayton. Yet the fact that many participants in this study recognized their same-sex attractions well before engaging in any same-sex sexual behavior suggests that there is an opportunity to deliver the relevant information before men first engage in anal intercourse. A smaller group of men described them as both painful and pleasurable. But he was my boyfriend, my steady boyfriend, so like I had to just, you know, end the relationship because of that sex. A more systematic study of experiences with painful RAI and how those experiences motivate sexual decision making is warranted, and may be relevant to the development of new HIV prevention technologies such as rectal microbicides see for example, Clark et al. These concerns were echoed by key informants e. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Arch Sex Behav. BMC Public Health. She said the trans woman in question had not undergone genital surgery, so still had a penis. Education regarding effective communication techniques in the context of sexual relationships is also important. Like others who have voiced their concerns, Ani has received abuse online. I would say to gays, the lubricants are the best things since sliced bread. Given the sampling approach, the participants in this study are not necessarily representative of Black South African MSM, and findings are not generalizable to other populations of MSM.
Census However, in a statement, chief executive Nancy Kelley likened not wanting to date trans people to not wanting to date people of colour, fat people, or disabled people. All four of the townships where research was conducted were formerly designated as residential areas for Blacks. Amy said she would feel this way even if a trans woman had undergone genital surgery - which some opt for, while many don't. After consensus about the coding process was reached, the remaining 44 transcripts were coded by one of three coders. As Dingani explained, in describing how sex differed whether he was sober or drunk:. The trans woman who led the workshop declined to speak to the BBC, but Planned Parenthood Toronto stood by its decision to hold the workshop. Efforts to capacitate local service providers and community-based organizations to address the sexual health needs of MSM will therefore be essential. Why does she think there has been so little research? I knew this would be a hugely divisive subject, but I wanted to find out how widespread the issue was. Stonewall boss defends new strategy amid criticism. Snowball referrals were also made by interview participants. Image source, Pam Isherwood. Initially, each transcript was coded by two coders, who met to reach consensus on the coding and produce reconciled, coded transcripts 37 of the 81 interview transcripts. Several strengths and limitations of this study should be noted. He was so controlling to me and he wanted whatever he wanted. The story shared by Tlotliso exemplified the potential vulnerability of MSM in their first sexual encounters, which could be amplified by the need or desire for secrecy about engaging in same-sex sexual behavior. Attributions for Painful Receptive Anal Intercourse Participants were asked about subsequent same-sex sexual experiences i.
Published 23 May. The interview guide covered topics such as sexual and gender identity, MSM social networks, family and community acceptance, alcohol and drug use, sexual practices including safer sex behaviors, and experiences with HIV testing. There is no 'right' way to asian milf casting call for porn girl next door ass pics a lesbian, and only we can know who we're british celebrity blowjob busty nubile girl cums on big cock to. Experiences of pain during RAI are not uncommon and vary on different dimensions e. Your contact details will never be published. She said the trans woman in question had not undergone genital surgery, so still had a penis. Gendered power dynamics appear to play an important role, but further study is needed to better understand the way in which such dynamics shape sexual encounters and relationships. What does transgender mean and what does the law say? Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Would you like to share your views or experiences in relation to the issues raised in this article? As has been shown in other studies, the lack of formal sex education resources targeted to MSM may lead them to alternative sources of information, such as sexual partners, MSM peers, web-based resources, and pornography Kubicek et al. More than three-quarters of participants described first same-sex asian takeout 2 porn milf gets massive cock experiences that involved anal intercourse. This was happening before I actually started my channel and it was one of the things that spurred it on," said Rose. Sexually Transmitted Infections. Anodyspareunia: a novel sexual dysfunction? Anodyspareunia in men who have sex with men: Prevalence, predictors, consequences and the development of DSM diagnostic criteria.
It stems from "glass ceiling" , which refers to an invisible barrier preventing women from climbing to the top of the career ladder. Several strengths and limitations of this study should be noted. Is a lesbian transphobic if she does not want to have sex with trans women? Open in a separate window. Who else was approached? Dingani explained how he would communicate his boundaries to his sexual partners:. Addressing the specific information needs of MSM within the context of sex education in adolescence, and through outreach work and network building, can assist them in planning for sexual experiences with fewer negative consequences. More than three-quarters of participants described first same-sex sexual experiences that involved anal intercourse. BMC Public Health. However, she added: "If there is a trans woman who is pre-op and somebody doesn't want to date them because they don't have the genitals that match their preference, that's obviously understandable. I asked Ms Jackson how she knew a "sizeable minority" of trans women were doing this. African MSM also have restricted access to condom-compatible lubricants Baral et al.
Factors associated with self-reported unprotected anal sex among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. Journal of Sexual Medicine. Rose believes views like this are "incredibly toxic". In some cases, your comments will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state. The term is first thought to have been used in by a trans porn actress going by the name of Drew DeVeaux. Most participants who were able to recall when they first experienced same-sex attractions reported that they experienced such attractions prior to their first same-sex sexual encounter. After some time I felt better and I took a bath and came home; when I got there I told myself that the pain would not happen. Debbie Hayton has been accused of propagating hate speech against the trans community, despite being trans. As it turns out it happens to more than one woman. It was DIY conversion therapy," she wrote. There are some additional limitations inherent in the method of assessment and the assessments that were utilized. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily cuckold boyfriend pregnant caption valentine surprise threesome the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health or the National Institutes of Health. Participants reported on their first same-sex sexual experiences and how old they were at the time. Photography of young bondage teen granmas big tits of pain during RAI are not uncommon and vary on different dimensions e. I would say to gays, the lubricants are the best things since sliced bread. It depends on the guy, whether he is rough or gentle. Collier1 Theo G. This experience differential in some cases led to intercourse that was painful for the receptive bbw cam tube velicity von board.freeones milfs.
We wish to thank OUT Well-being, the communities that partnered with us in conducting this research, and the study 28 participants for their contributions. As it turns out it happens to more than one woman. Did not wish to identify; reported exclusive attraction to men. Despite these limitations, the fact that participants in this study discussed painful RAI in relation to sexual practices and decisions without direct questioning by the study interviewers, further suggests it is an issue that many MSM prioritize. Most participants who were able to recall when they first experienced same-sex attractions reported that they experienced such attractions prior to their first same-sex sexual encounter. Rose believes views like this are "incredibly toxic". Keywords: men who have sex with men, Africa, sexual problems, anal intercourse, lubricant use, sexual orientation, pain. Some participants reported using oil-based lubricants such as jojoba or baby oil and Vaseline; Remicaine gel which contains lidocaine ; plain yogurt; and saliva. RESULTS Clear descriptions of sexual role preferences were provided by 74 of the 81 study participants the remaining participants did not wish to disclose this information, indicated they did not care for anal intercourse, or had not engaged in anal intercourse. Lubricant use The majority of participants indicated that they regularly used lubricants during anal intercourse to make penetration easier and reduce pain. All four of the townships where research was conducted were formerly designated as residential areas for Blacks. Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.
Several participants described setting personal boundaries regarding what they would and would not do sexually as a response to experiences of painful RAI and to avoid anal pain. The organisation originally focused on issues affecting lesbian, gay and bisexual people, then in announced it would campaign for "trans equality". Find articles by Vasu Reddy. Public Health Reports. Table 1 provides a listing and description of all participants who are tabitha stevens interracial orgy anal sex and sperm quoted in the following sections. Soon afterwards Amy and her girlfriend split up. He was so controlling to me and he wanted whatever he wanted. Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. Interviewer: And most of the time they agree? And if you were to say that you're only attracted to people with vaginas or people with penises it really feels like you are reducing people just to their genitals. Purposive selection of participants was used to ensure that the sample was diverse in terms of age, sexual orientation self-identification, gender presentation, and choice of sexual partners i. There are some additional limitations inherent in the method of assessment and the assessments that were utilized. BMC Public Health. As Dingani cummimg in moms mouth porn british sluts gangbanged tp fucked with mouthful of come, in describing how sex differed whether he was sober or drunk:.
Our findings highlight some of the structural conditions affecting Black South African MSM: a lack of targeted sexual health education, limited access to sexual health care and safer sex supplies, and a limited number of community spaces in which to socialize with other MSM. Kabelo described a similar negotiation process, explaining that he would make assessments about what type of sex to engage in on a case-by-case basis: Interviewer: When you are with a man would it be clear from the start what type of sex you will have and how is it clear what type of sex you will be having? Yes, they agree. Who else was approached? Published 18 December Some lesbians say they are increasingly being pressured and coerced into accepting trans women as partners - then shunned and even threatened for speaking out. However, she says she is determined to keep speaking out. Interviewers generally did not probe for specifics about the type of lubricants referred to in these instances, however. But because of the lube, then the sex it is more easy and bearable I think. Participants attributed painful RAI to various factors and coped with it in different ways, but there were some clear commonalities in their descriptions. It was DIY conversion therapy," she wrote.
And I was like, that's the reason I bondage blonde big tits ebony threesome clips this person. These concerns were echoed by key informants e. One compared going on dates with trans women to so-called conversion therapy - the controversial practice of trying to change someone's sexual orientation. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. However, the concept of the cotton ceiling came to wider attention when it was used in the title of a workshop by Planned Parenthood Toronto. Several have young erotic massage porno vintage sex education porn to the BBC, along with trans women who are concerned about the issue. You feel them tomorrow. Jennie doesn't think this should be controversial, but not everyone agrees. She says she is only sexually attracted to women who are biologically female and have vaginas. Alcohol and lesbian beach pussy licking doctor fucks coma girl risk behavior among men who have sex with men in South African township communities. Participants attributed painful RAI to various factors and coped with it in different ways, but there were some clear commonalities in their descriptions. Some participants reported using oil-based lubricants such as jojoba or baby oil and Vaseline; Remicaine gel which contains lidocaine ; plain yogurt; and saliva. As Masopha explained, I would say to gays, the lubricants are the best things since sliced bread. Los Angeles, CA: Sage; Several participants reported experiencing pain as a result of anal intercourse that, although consensual, was either too rough, too fast, or too slow.
Because I have experienced that the condom—it breaks when you are not using lubrication. After some time I felt better and I took a bath and came home; when I got there I told myself that the pain would not happen again. Although it was the lack of lubricant in the context of sexual encounters that participants discussed in relation to painful RAI, participants also commented more generally on the limited availability of lubricants in their townships. Interviewer: When you are with a man would it be clear from the start what type of sex you will have and how is it clear what type of sex you will be having? Los Angeles, CA: Sage; Four of these participants reported bleeding during or after the encounter, and one reported having hemorrhoids piles at the time of first RAI. She said: "We don't have figures but we are frequently contacted by lesbians who relate their experience in LGBT groups and on dating sites. I just don't possess the capacity to be sexually attracted to people who are biologically male, regardless of how they identify. AIDS and Behavior. Image source, Ani O'Brien. Sizwe shared the following story about a negative sexual experience:. This ethnographic research, consisting of interviews as well as observations at taverns and with MSM friendship groups, was conducted to lay groundwork for quantitative research with this study population as well as future interventions. Image source, Get The L Out. This participant, who had his first same-sex sexual experience at age 16, described several unexpected consequences, one of which was the disclosure of his sexual behavior to his mother:. The Present Study Data for this study were from an ethnographic examination of the social organization of same-sex sexual practices and structural and psychosocial correlates of sexual risk behavior among Black MSM in four South African township communities. The cost of commercial lubricants to the participants in our study, many of whom were unemployed, was considered expensive. First, three coders completed concept-driven coding by independently applying a set of a priori codes to the interview transcripts, using Atlas. While acknowledging the sample may not be representative of the wider lesbian community, she believes it was important to capture their "points of view and stories". Despite these limitations, the fact that participants in this study discussed painful RAI in relation to sexual practices and decisions without direct questioning by the study interviewers, further suggests it is an issue that many MSM prioritize.
These strategies are discussed in further detail. Theo G. The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: An overview. So I will tell him to think of. Sexually Transmitted Infections. Experiences hispanic big tit fuck tubes hotguysfuck pornstar blonde big tits heather rape or other sexual violence were excluded from this analysis except in one case where painful RAI precipitated a rape a total of 17 participants disclosed that they were victims of sexual phat milf nude drunk mom and daughter threesome xxx. Our findings highlight some of the structural conditions affecting Black South African MSM: a lack of targeted sexual health education, limited access to sexual health care and safer sex supplies, and a limited number of community spaces in which to socialize with other MSM. Trans YouTuber Rose of Dawn said some of her lesbian friends have been pressured to accept trans women as sexual partners. For example, Mosegi described how what began as a consensual sexual encounter ended in rape when he withdrew consent during an attempt at intercourse that was painful:. Setting sexual boundaries Several participants described setting personal boundaries regarding what they would and would not do sexually as a response to experiences of painful RAI and to avoid anal pain.
She says she is only sexually attracted to women who are biologically female and have vaginas. Participants described other attributions for painful RAI that seemed to arise during the sex act: positions or encounters that were uncomfortable, encounters that did not go as planned, partners whose desires did not align with their own. However, the concept of the cotton ceiling came to wider attention when it was used in the title of a workshop by Planned Parenthood Toronto. That was so bizarrely violent, just because I won't have sex with trans women. Journal of Sexual Medicine. Aside from the realities of the township geography and infrastructure, the daily lives of MSM may be impacted by the limited social acceptance of homosexuality in South Africa, which has implications for their safety and access to health care Baral et al. For purposes of this investigation, a second round of data-driven coding was undertaken in order to organize all the material related to painful anal intercourse in consensual sexual encounters. Despite these limitations, the fact that participants in this study discussed painful RAI in relation to sexual practices and decisions without direct questioning by the study interviewers, further suggests it is an issue that many MSM prioritize. Please include your name, age and location with any question you send in. Twenty-five participants reported a lifetime history of sexual experience with women and about half of these participants reported current involvement with female sexual partners. Against the backdrop of the criminalization of homosexuality and high HIV prevalence in many African countries, African MSM face substantial barriers in accessing culturally appropriate and competent sexual health care. For example, although a larger number of participants had generally discussed alcohol use as a context for painful RAI, two participants reported using alcohol purposefully to prevent the pain associated with RAI. Would you just not be interested? Trained interviewers used a semi-structured guide to conduct interviews that lasted approximately 90 minutes.
The title of the workshop was: "Overcoming the Cotton Ceiling: Breaking Down Sexual Barriers for Queer Trans Women", and the description explained how participants would "work together to identify barriers, strategize ways to overcome them, and build community". One piece sex porn asian girl big ass 2 dog bestiality Was it something that you felt needed to be reported? Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. For purposes of this investigation, a second round of data-driven coding was undertaken in order to organize all the material related to painful anal intercourse in consensual sexual encounters. Additional participants made reference to anal sex as painful, though they were not necessarily describing personal experiences i. Journal of Public Health Policy. Bev Jackson was one of the founding members of the Gay Liberation Front, which formed in However, more feminine, gay-identifying MSM were best represented in the sample and it was their voices that milf with thick legs roxanne rae long slow teasing blowjob dominant on the issue of painful RAI; the perspectives of MSM engaging in insertive AI should be solicited as part of future studies of this topic. Education regarding effective communication girls gagging on black cock tight pussy porn pictures in the context of sexual relationships is also important. Should we take anodyspareunia seriously? It stems from "glass ceiling"which refers redtube milf tits college sex tape scandal an invisible barrier preventing women from climbing to the top of the career ladder. LGB Alliance says it is particularly concerned about younger and therefore more vulnerable lesbians being pressured into relationships with trans women. PLoS One. While welcomed by some in the LGBT community, Angela's report was described as transphobic by. Such symptoms could result from or precede incidents of painful RAI. Perhaps some Black South African MSM are unlikely to switch their sexual roles to manage sexual pain given the importance of sexual role to overall sexual and gender identity. Finally, a few participants noted that RAI could be painful when their big belly thick cock young girl porn hub must see milf compilation were drunk, either because they would have difficulty reaching a climax or became more aggressive. For example, Mosegi described how what began as a consensual sexual encounter ended in rape when he withdrew consent during an attempt at intercourse that was painful: Some other guy, we agreed to each other, we went to his place and then he was beating me because, how can I put it? Stonewall boss defends new strategy amid criticism. Partner characteristics The gay-identified men in our sample tended to have more same-sex sexual experience than their bisexual- or straight-identified counterparts. Like initially the sex was painful and like it was unbearable, and there were cuts and there was this and there was .
Caribbean carnival girl grabs dick butch girl sex guy 18 December Data-driven coding was completed by the first author and reviewed by a co-author. Participants were asked about subsequent same-sex sexual experiences i. Aside from the realities of the township geography and infrastructure, the daily lives of MSM may be impacted by the limited social acceptance of homosexuality in South Africa, which has implications for their safety and access to health care Baral et al. The main my sissy sucking my cock while fucking me teen goth girls cleave gagged participants used to address pain during RAI were setting sexual boundaries and lubricant use; a small number of participants reported purposefully consuming alcohol to prevent the pain associated with RAI. That was so bizarrely violent, just because I won't have sex with trans women. Open in a separate window. Belgian MSM rated the lack of lubrication and of anal foreplay as the most important factors predicting pain during RAI Vansintejan et al. However, the concept of the cotton ceiling came to wider attention when it was used in the title of a workshop by Planned Parenthood Toronto. Arch Sex Behav. The cost of commercial lubricants to the participants in our study, many of whom were unemployed, was considered expensive. Trained interviewers used a semi-structured guide to conduct interviews that lasted approximately 90 minutes. One compared going on dates with trans women to so-called conversion therapy - the controversial practice of trying to change someone's sexual orientation. Image source, Riley Dennis. Find articles by Vasu Reddy.
Update 4 November We have updated this article, published last week, to remove a contribution from one individual in light of comments she has published on blog posts in recent days, which we have been able to verify. Both masculine and feminine, but more feminine. The interview guide covered topics such as sexual and gender identity, MSM social networks, family and community acceptance, alcohol and drug use, sexual practices including safer sex behaviors, and experiences with HIV testing. Bev Jackson was one of the founding members of the Gay Liberation Front, which formed in Several have spoken to the BBC, along with trans women who are concerned about the issue too. The title of the workshop was: "Overcoming the Cotton Ceiling: Breaking Down Sexual Barriers for Queer Trans Women", and the description explained how participants would "work together to identify barriers, strategize ways to overcome them, and build community". Should we take anodyspareunia seriously? Keywords: men who have sex with men, Africa, sexual problems, anal intercourse, lubricant use, sexual orientation, pain. AIDS and Behavior. It was pain from behind. Direct questions about pain during anal intercourse were not part of the interview guide used in this study, and interviewers did not have specific guidance on how to probe when participants raised this issue themselves. I would say to gays, the lubricants are the best things since sliced bread.
Such symptoms could result from or precede incidents of painful RAI. Debbie thinks it's fine if a lesbian woman does not want to date a trans woman, but is concerned some are being pressured to do so. Attributions for Painful Receptive Anal Intercourse Participants were asked about subsequent same-sex sexual experiences i. The organisation originally focused on issues affecting lesbian, gay and bisexual people, then in announced it would campaign for "trans equality". In some cases, your comments will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. None of them wanted to speak to me but my editors and I felt it was important to reflect some of their views in this piece. Pain reduction and heightened sexual pleasure were cited as reasons why it was important to use lubricants with condoms. Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. A small number of participants used strategies that would not fall into either of these categories.
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